Photography terms Calvin Sanders Aperture- In optics it is the hole or opening which light travels, more specifically the aperture of an optical system is the opening that determines the cone angle of a bundle of rays that come to a focus in the image plane. Depth of field- This refers to the range of distance that appears acceptably sharp. It varies depending on camera type, aperture, and focusing distance, although print size and viewing distance can also influence our perception of depth of field. Shutter speed- In photography, shutter speed or exposure time is the length of time a cameras shutter is open while taking a photograph. The amount of light that reaches the film or image sensor is proportional to the exposure time of the shutter being open. Rule of thirds- This is a guideline to follow within photography, the guideline states that an image should be divided into 9 equal parts by two equally spaced lines horizontally placed and two equally spaced lines vertically placed. Exposure- Is the amount of light per unit area (the image plane luminance times the exposure time) reaching a photographic film, as determined by shutter speed, lens aperture, and scene luminance. Composition- is the placement or arrangement of visual elements or ingredients in a work of art, as distinct from the subject of work. Focal length- not a measurement of actual length of the lens, but a calculation of an optical distance from the point where light rays converge to form a sharp image of an object to the digital sensor or 35mm film at the focal plane in the camera. SLR- Single lens reflex (SLR) camera typically uses a mirror and prism system (hence “reflex”, from mirrors reflection) that permits the photographer to view through the lens and see exactly what will be captured, contrary to viewfinder cameras where the image could be significantly different. Autofocus- An optical system that uses a sensor, a control system, and a motor or turnable optical element in order for an optical element to focus fully automatic. There is active, passive, and hybrid types of autofocus. Backlighting- is the process of illuminating the subject from the back. In other words, the lighting instrument and the viewer face each other, with the subject in between. This creates a glowing effect on the edges of the subject, while other areas are darker. Balance- A condition in which different elements are equal or in the correct proportions. Contrast- is the difference in luminance or color that makes an object (or its representation in an image or display) distinguishable. Its determined by the difference in color and brightness of the object and other objects. F-stop- The focal length describes the distance from the front of the lens to where it focuses light on the sensor or film plane. Focal length affects the field of view or how wide a scene you can capture with your camera and the overall magnification. The F-stop affects the depth of field. ISO speed- Your camera's ISO setting controls how sensitive its sensor is to the light that reaches it. It is one of the crucial factors which go into determining a photograph's exposure as well as the overall i |